Shi'anci

v    Muna alfahari cewa mazhabarmu ita ce ta Ja’afariyya[1], kuma fikihunmu wanda yake teku ne da ba a ganin karshensa shi ne fikihun Ja’afariyya.

v    Musulunci yana raye ne albarkacin mazhabar Shi’a.

v    A ko da yaushe ana danganta Musulunci da yunkurin shi’anci.

v    Imam na nufin shugaba ko ja-gora, wanda ke ja-gorar wata jama’a zuwa wani tafarki. Imam shi ne mai nuna tafarkin shi’anci da Hizbullahi (rundunar Allah) kuma ja-goran wadannan manyan bangarori wadanda dukkan ayyukansu da wajibansu, yana rairayo su ne daga Alkur’ani da sunnar Annabi a lokutta daban-daban, da kuma yanayi daban-daban, da kuma isar da su a gare su.

v    Wadanda ke ikirarin cewa wai su shi’an (mabiya) Amirul muminin[2] ne (shugaban muminai Ali (a.s)), to lalle ne su bi shi a magana da kuma a aikace da a rubutance da dukkan sauran abubuwa.

v    Mazhabar Shi’a mazhabar sadaukarwa ce.

v    Ghadir[3] ya zo ne domin tabbatar da cewa siyasa ta shafi komai.

v    Muna alfaharin cewa littafin Nahjul Balagah[4], wanda bayan Alkur’ani mai girma, shi ne mafificin littafi a kan tsarin kyautata dabi’u da rayuwar zahiri ta mutum kuma shi ne littafin koli mai ja-goran dan adam zuwa ga tsira daga Imamummu Ma’asumi Ali (a.s) yake.

v    Daya daga cikin dabi’un shi’anci shi ne tashi tsaye wurin kalubantar zalunci da mulkin kama karya. Wannan a fili yake a dukkan tsawon tarihin shi’anci, ko da yake irin wadannan kalubale sun kai matuka ne a wasu lokuta.

v    Shi’anci, wanda shi ne mazhabar juyin juya hali kuma wanda ci gaba ne na addinin Musulunci na asali. Shi’awa sun kasance a ko da yaushe suna fuskantar harin rashin adalci daga masu mulkin kama karya da ‘yan mulkin mallaka.

v    A karnin da ya wuce, abubuwa da dama sun auku kuma kowane bangare na al’ummar Iran na da tasiri a kan harkar juyin juya halin tsarin kasa[5] da yunkurin taba[6], suna da muhimmanci a nan. Kafa makarantar addini a birnin Кum[7] a cikin shekaru 50 da suka shude, tasirinta a cikin Iran da wajenta, da gwagwarmayar masana ilimin zamani masu kishin addini a cibiyoyin jami’oi da kuma yunkurin shekarar 1341-1342[8] wanda al’ummar Iran a karkashin jagorancin malaman Musulunci – wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau, suna cikin abubuwan da suka sa Musulunci irin na shi’anci ya zama abin tattaunawa a ko ina a duniya.

v    A bisa asasin Musulunci, shi’anci ba wani abu ne ba illa Musulunci na hakika kuma na asali. Kuma ba wai kawai bai hana ci gaban mutum wurin ilimi da kimiya ba ne, a’a ya ma share fagen wannan yunkuri da kuma ba su siffa ta dan adamtakewa da bin tafarkin Allah ne. A lokacin bayyanar Musulunci, ci gaban al’adu da ilimin dan adam ya kidima masana tarihi, na kimiya da tsarin rayuwa, kana kuma ya ba masu binike mamaki kwarai.

v    A ranar da Insha Allahu, Mai kawo gyara na gaba daya[9] ya bayyana, kada ku yi tsammanin wani abu na sahiri zai faru, kuma duniya za ta gyaru a rana guda, amma za a murkushe ja’iran sarakuna da azzalumai ta hanyar sa mawuyacin kokari da sadaukar da kai.

 

[1] . Akidar Ja’afariyya tana nufin bin al’amurran addini akan tafarkin mazhabar Imam Ja’afar al-Sadik (a.s) wanda shi ne Imami na biyar a duniyar Shi’a. Dalilin da ya sa aka rada wa mazhabar Shi’a sunan Imam Ja’afar dan Muhammad al-Sadik (a.s) shi ne saboda kasancewar wannan Imam din ya samu daman rayuwa mai tsawo fiye da dukkan sauran Imamai Ma’asumai (a.s), wanda hakan ya ba shi dama da lokacin aiwatar da abubuwa na addini sosai. Rashin kwanciyar hankali da rudani da halifanci ya shiga ciki a sabili da rikici tsakanin gidajen sarautar  Umayyawa da Abbasiyawa ya ba da dama mai girman gaske ga Imam din wurin karantarwa, ilmintarwa da kuma tarbiyyantar da mutane masu imani da ikhlasi da kuma kafa cibiyoyin ilimin addini da har ma fitowa da gaskiyar Musulunci.

[2] . Amirul Muminina Aliyu dan Abi Talib (a.s) shi ne Imami Ma’asumi na farko a mazhabar Shi’a. An haife shi ne a shekarar ta 600 A.D. Mahaifinsa shi ne Abu Talib baffan Ma’aikin Allah (s.a.w.a.), kuma mahaifiyarsa ita ce Fatima bint Asadin. Aliyu (a.s) ya tashi  ne a gidan Manzon Allah (s.a.w.a.) tun lokacin da ya kai dan shekara 6. Aliyu (a.s) ne namiji na farko da ya ba da gaskiya ga Musulunci da daukar alkawarin ba da taimako ga Manzo (s.a.w.a.). A farko-farkon manzancinsa, Annabi (s.a.w.a.)  tare da umurnin Allah, ya tara dukkan ‘yan ‘uwansa inda ya bayyana wa taron cewa: “Duk wanda ya ba da gaskiya ga addinina kafin saura su yi, zai kasance Halifa bayana”. Ya maimaita wannan magana har sau uku, kuma a kowani karo Ali (a.s) ne kawai ya karbi Musulunci. A daren da Manzon Allah (s.a.w.a.) ya yi hijira daga garin Makkah zuwa Madina, duk da makircin da Кuraishawa suka yi na kashe Manzon Allah (s.a.w.a.), Ali (a.s) shi ne ya shiga cikin zanen gadon Manzo (s.a.w.a.) wanda wannan ya wargaza shirin mushirikai kuwa hakan ya tabbatar  da imaninsa da biyayyarsa ga Annabin Musulunci. A ranar da Annabi (s.a.w.a.) ya ba da umurnin kulla yarjejeniyar ‘yan ‘uwantaka tsakanin musulmi su kansu, Manzo (s.a.w.a.) ya bayyana Ali (a.s) a matsayin dan uwansa. Haka kuma, a yayin da ake dawowa daga Hajjin ban kwana, a wani wuri da ake kira “Ghadir Khum”, Manzon (s.a.w.a.) ya ba da sanarwar cewa Ali (a.s) ne waliyi da mai kula da al’amaran musulmi (halifa) bayansa.

Ali (a.s) sahabi ne kuma mataimaki ne ga Manzon Allah (s.a.w.a.) a lokutan da yake ba ya da kowa da kuma lokutan wahala. Bayan Annabin tsira ya kaura daga duniya, a saboda wasu dalilai,  sai aka hana wa Ali (a.s) ja-gorancin al’umma har na tsawon shekaru 25, wanda a wannan lokacin a matsayin mai kallo ya hana kauce wa hanyar addini. Bayan an kashe Halifa na uku, sai mutane suka taru suka masa mubaya’a suka zabe shi a matsayin Halifa.

[3] . Dubi hashiyar da ta gabata.

[4] . Nahjul Balagha littafi ne da aka tara maganganun Amirul muminina Ali (a.s), wanda Sharif al-Razi Muhammad iibn Husain (wanda ya rasu shekara ta 406 B.H) ya yi. Wasu  malamai suna ganin wannan littafi na Nahjul Balagha a matsayin “Кanin Alkur’ani”. Littafin ya kumshi maganganu kan Allah, mutum da duniya, sannan ya kumshi maganganu kan kimiya, zamantakewa, akhlak da kuma al’amurran siyasa. Hakika in an cire kalmomin Alkur’ani da maganganun Annabi (s.a.w.a.)  babu wata kalma ko maganar wani mutum da za’a kwatanta shi da Nahjul Balagha wajen fasaha . A halin yanzu an rubuta sharhohi sama da 101 kan wannan littafi wanda suke nuna muhimmancin da wannan littafi yake da shi ga malamai da masu bincike.

[5] . Fitinun da suka ta faruwa a Iran a karni na 19 da kuma farkon karni na 20, cin mutuncin mutane da jami’an tsaron gwamnatin zalunci suke yi, raunin shugaban Iran na wancan lokacin wato Muzaffaraddin Shah, wayewa da mutane suke ta samu da kuma yunkurin da malamai da masana suka yi,shi ya taimaka wajen wannan juyin juya halin da ake kira da “Juyin Juya Halin Tsarin Кasa”, wanda ya samu nasara a shekarar 1906 A.D.

Wannan yunkuri, ko da yake dai ba a yi shi kamar yadda ya dace ba , amma ya haifar da sauye-sauye a tsarin zamantakewan mutanen Iran, ya ruguza banbanci tsakanin mutane, ya kawo cikas wa azzaluman shuwagabanni da kuma tabbatar da adalci da bin doka. Amma abin bakin ciki, wannan yunkuri na tsarin mulki bai jima ba saboda irin aiki  na yammacin Turai da kuma cire hannun malamai da aka yi daga fagen siyasa da aikin hukuma. Don haka wannan tsari na danniya ya dawo ta hanyar juyin mulki da Reza Khan (baban tsohon Shah na Iran) ya yi.

[6] . Wannan shi ne yunkuri na farko da ya samu nasara a tarihin wannan zamani a kasar Iran, yunkurin ya faru ne cikin shekara ta 1891-1892 don nuna rashin amincewa da daman da aka ba wa wani kamfanin Ingila na harkar taba a Iran. Wannan yunkuri ya haifar da kaskanci ga gwamnati, daukaka ga masu yunkurin da kuma soke wannan yarjejeniya.

Fatawar da wani babba malami Ayatullah Mirza Shirazi ya taimaka sosai wajen karfafa sauran malamai da mutanen da suka fara wannan yunkuri. Haka ya tilasta wa sarki Iran na wancan lokacin wato Nasirudddeen Shah ya soke wannan yarjejeniya sannan kuma ya biya diyya ga wannan kamfani saboda wannan nuna rashin amincewa da mutane suke yi.

[7] . Tun daga karni na uku garin Кum ya zamanto wata cibiya ta ilimin Musulunci  kamar Tafsiri, fikihu, hadisi, irfani da akhlak. Wannan da wasu dalilai kamar, kasantuwan kabarin Hadrat Fatima Ma’asumah (a.s) ‘yar Imamin shi’a na 7 Hadrat Musa ibn Ja’afar (a.s) a Кum da kuma hijirar da babban malamin shi’an nan Ayatullah Abdulkarim Ha’iri Yazdi da kuma sauran manya-manyan malamai zuwa wannan gari na Кum son koyar da ilimin Musulunci, ya taimaka sosai wajen mai da garin na Кum cibiyar ilimi.

Wannan gari na Кum yana nan kilomita 160 ta kudancin Tehran.

[8] . Gwamnatin Shah, bayan tunani mai zurfi da kuma shawarar yammacin Turai, ta kama da kuma tsare Imam Khumaini (r.a) don durkusar da wannan yunkuri da ya fara. Haka ya faru ne ran 15th Khordad 1342 (June 5, 1963). Cikin tsakar dare, jami’an tsaron sarki Shah suka kewaye gidansa (da ke Кum) suka kama shi sannan suka tafi da shi birnin Tehran. Cikin lokaci kadan wannan labari na kama Imam ya yadu ko wane lungu, don haka gari na wayewa sai ga mutane a kan tituna suna zanga-zanga don a sake shi. Zanga-zanga mafi girma an yi shi ne a garin Кum, inda mutane da dama suka rasa rayukansu a sakamakon harbe-harben da sojoji suka yi bisa umurnin da gwamnatin ta ba su. Duk da  miliyoyin dalolin da gwamnatin Shah take kashewa kowani shekara don farfaganda, amma bai hana labarin wannan aikin dabbanci yaduwa zuwa kasashen waje ba.

Bayan samun nasarar wannan yunkuri, a cikin sako don tunawa da wannan rana (15th Khordad 1358 / 1979 A.D), Imam Khumaini ya bayyana wannan rana ta 15 ga watan Khordad 1345 (June 5 1943) a matsayin ranar da aka fara wannan yunkuri sannan ya sanya ranar a matsayin ranar hutu don zaman makoki.

[9] . Wannan kuwa shi ne Hazrat Muhammad iibn Hasan Askari (a.s) wanda ake kira da Imamuz Zaman ko al-Mahdi, shi ne Imamin shi’a na goma sha biyu. An haife shi ne a wani gari da ake kira Samarra (cikin kasar Iraki) a shekara ta 255 B.H. Imamancinsa ya fara ne bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa lokacin yana da shekara 5 a duniya. Cikin umarnin Ubangiji da kuma wasu dalilai suka sanya shi buya ko fakuwa (ghaiba) har lokacin da Allah Ya ga daman bayyanarsa. Wannan fakuwa ta sa ta kasu kashi biyu: wato karamar fakuwa, wanda ta kare cikin shekaru 69, inda shi Imam yake saduwa da mutanensa ta hanyar wasu wakilansa na musamman guda hudu. Sannan sai babbar fakuwa, wacce ta fara daga karshen karamar fakuwa har zuwa wannan lokaci da muke ciki, har ya zuwa lokacin da wannan mai ceton jama’a zai bayyana kuma gaskiya ta samu nasara akan karyaA mahanga ta Musulunci, bayyanar Imamuz Zaman (a.s) da kuma gwagwarmayar da zai yi, ita ce yaki na karshe tsakanin gaskiya da karya. Ko kuma a ce gwagwarmaya da aka ta yi cikin tarihi dan adam tsakanin gaskiya da karya yana share fage ne ga bayyanar wannan mai ceton al’umma (Imamuz Zaman), wannan mujaddadi wanda zai zo ya fuskanci dukkan wani kalubale don ya haskaka duk wani lungu da adalci da gaskiya. A wannan rana ce farkon kamalan dan adam zai fara.